{"id":2361,"date":"2025-03-17T12:30:45","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T15:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aceroyroca.com\/?p=2361"},"modified":"2025-03-17T12:30:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T15:30:45","slug":"oro-ilegal-en-latinoamerica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idealistic-platinum-hummingbird.187-127-10-185.cpanel.site\/index.php\/2025\/03\/17\/oro-ilegal-en-latinoamerica\/","title":{"rendered":"ORO ILEGAL EN LATINOAMERICA"},"content":{"rendered":"

El comercio il\u00edcito de oro contin\u00faa su expansi\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica del Sur, con Per\u00fa a la cabeza como principal exportador de este metal de procedencia ilegal. Seg\u00fan datos del Instituto Peruano de Econom\u00eda (IPE), en 2024 se exportaron 92 toneladas de oro extra\u00eddo sin regulaci\u00f3n, lo que representa un incremento del 20% en comparaci\u00f3n con 2023 y triplica las cifras registradas hace una d\u00e9cada.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Por William Cortez<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
Explotaci\u00f3n de mina de oro ilegal en LATAM recreado por IA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Este aumento en la extracci\u00f3n ilegal de oro est\u00e1 estrechamente ligado al alza del precio del metal en el mercado internacional. En 2024, el valor de estas exportaciones ilegales alcanz\u00f3 los 7.000 millones de d\u00f3lares, un 46% m\u00e1s que los 4.840 millones registrados en 2023 y cuatro veces superior al crecimiento promedio de las exportaciones totales (11%). Este monto supera en m\u00e1s de 200 veces el presupuesto asignado en 2024 para combatir la miner\u00eda ilegal y formalizar la miner\u00eda artesanal y de peque\u00f1a escala (MAPE).<\/p>\n

Un an\u00e1lisis del IPE revela que entre el 30% y el 80% del oro exportado en Am\u00e9rica del Sur proviene de fuentes ilegales, con Per\u00fa representando el 44% de este total. Colombia concentra el 25%, Bolivia el 12%, mientras que Ecuador y Brasil alcanzan el 9% cada uno. Venezuela, por su parte, representa solo el 1%. Estas cifras reflejan la magnitud del comercio il\u00edcito de oro en la regi\u00f3n y la urgencia de reforzar las acciones para enfrentarlo.<\/p>\n

Impacto ambiental y social<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La extracci\u00f3n ilegal de oro no s\u00f3lo tiene consecuencias econ\u00f3micas, sino que tambi\u00e9n provoca un grave deterioro ambiental en la regi\u00f3n. En los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os, m\u00e1s de 121.000 hect\u00e1reas de bosques han sido destruidas en Brasil, Per\u00fa, Colombia y Ecuador. En Per\u00fa, la deforestaci\u00f3n asciende a 46.000 hect\u00e1reas. Esta actividad tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 vinculada a delitos como el tr\u00e1fico de personas, el contrabando y la extorsi\u00f3n. En Madre de Dios, los delitos con armas de fuego representaron el 38,6% de los casos en 2022, superando ampliamente a Lima (15,0%) y al promedio nacional (10,9%). Desde 2018 hasta 2023, la Corte de Justicia de esa ciudad solo dict\u00f3 243 condenas por delito de miner\u00eda ilegal.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Casos emblem\u00e1ticos y respuestas gubernamentales<\/strong><\/p>\n

En Colombia, la miner\u00eda ilegal ha generado conflictos significativos. Por ejemplo, en Antioquia, una mina de oro fue escenario del robo de 3,2 toneladas de oro, valoradas en unos 200 millones de d\u00f3lares, por una banda de narcotraficantes que tom\u00f3 control de 48 kil\u00f3metros de t\u00faneles desde que la empresa china Zijin Mining Group adquiri\u00f3 la mina en 2020. Esta situaci\u00f3n ha resultado en combates subterr\u00e1neos y numerosas muertes, causando graves problemas de seguridad. Ante la inacci\u00f3n del gobierno colombiano, Zijin Mining Group ha decidido demandar al Estado por 500 millones de d\u00f3lares ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (Ciadi).<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
Mano de obra infantil en explotaci\u00f3n minera de oro ilegal<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
La mano de obra infantil es algo muy com\u00fan en el tr\u00e1fico de oro. Sacar de las zonas o asentamientos empieza como un juego para los ni\u00f1os, pero termina siendo cuesti\u00f3n de supervivencia, denuncian activistas de derechos humanos. Sentados en charcos de lodo, decenas de menores mueven bateas, bandejas de madera utilizadas en la miner\u00eda artesanal, entre piedras, vidrio y hasta basura en busca de pepitas de oro que se adhieran al mercurio, contaminante y nocivo para la salud.<\/div>\n

En Brasil, la miner\u00eda ilegal en la Amazonia ha llevado a una crisis de salud p\u00fablica debido a la contaminaci\u00f3n por mercurio. En la tierra ind\u00edgena Munduruku, se han reportado casos de par\u00e1lisis cerebral en ni\u00f1os y problemas neurol\u00f3gicos severos en adultos desde 2018. Investigaciones de la Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz revelaron un alto \u00edndice de mercurio en los residentes y en los peces del r\u00edo Tapaj\u00f3s. A pesar de los esfuerzos de la Polic\u00eda Federal brasile\u00f1a por desmantelar esquemas de tr\u00e1fico de oro ilegal, las organizaciones criminales contin\u00faan operando mediante el lavado r\u00e1pido del oro y la manipulaci\u00f3n de registros.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El comercio il\u00edcito de oro contin\u00faa su expansi\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica del Sur, con Per\u00fa a la cabeza como principal exportador […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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