{"id":14999,"date":"2026-01-29T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aceroyroca.com\/?p=14999"},"modified":"2026-04-15T07:16:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T07:16:20","slug":"litio-investigacion-conicet-del-bono-liberacion-roca-salmuera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idealistic-platinum-hummingbird.187-127-10-185.cpanel.site\/index.php\/2026\/01\/29\/litio-investigacion-conicet-del-bono-liberacion-roca-salmuera\/","title":{"rendered":"El stock invisible: Investigadora del CONICET revela d\u00f3nde se esconde el litio en Olaroz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La comprensi\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo el litio se moviliza desde la roca hasta la salmuera es fundamental para la industria minera en la Puna. Una reciente investigaci\u00f3n liderada por Daniela Del Bono, especialista en litio y Sistemas Salinos y becaria del CONICET, aporta datos in\u00e9ditos sobre mecanismos de liberaci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, impacto de la temperatura y existencia de reservorios de litio previamente no contabilizados en los modelos de recursos.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por Yenhy Navas<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
El Salar de Olaroz, ubicado en la Puna juje\u00f1a, Argentina, es un vasto salar clave en la producci\u00f3n mundial de litio. Imagen: mejorenergia.com.a<\/em>r<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mecanismos de liberaci\u00f3n y fases qu\u00edmicas del litio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La investigaci\u00f3n identifica que la transferencia de litio desde el material volc\u00e1nico hacia el sistema h\u00eddrico no es un evento \u00fanico. Por el contrario, es un proceso de m\u00faltiples etapas con velocidades diferenciadas. Seg\u00fan Del Bono,<\/strong> este fen\u00f3meno comienza con una reacci\u00f3n inmediata al contacto con el agua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La fase r\u00e1pida: el aporte nanom\u00e9trico de los vidrios volc\u00e1nicos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa primera es una fase r\u00e1pida<\/strong>, que ocurre durante las primeras tres horas<\/strong> de interacci\u00f3n agua\u2013roca, y en la que se libera aproximadamente entre el 1,2 y el 1,5 %<\/strong> del Li total<\/strong> contenido en la roca\u00bb<\/em>, explica la especialista. Este aporte inicial proviene de part\u00edculas finas y p\u00e1tinas nanom\u00e9tricas<\/strong> (de 2 a 5 nan\u00f3metros<\/strong>) situadas en la superficie de los vidrios volc\u00e1nicos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En segundo lugar, se activa una fase lenta<\/strong> que, aunque en laboratorio se midi\u00f3 por 365 d\u00edas<\/strong>, act\u00faa de forma continua a escala geol\u00f3gica. En esta etapa, se libera un 3 % a 4 %<\/strong> adicional del litio total. Este flujo sostenido se asocia a la disoluci\u00f3n de arcillas, biotitas y otros aluminosilicatos<\/strong> que recubren las fases v\u00edtreas de la roca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"

Daniela Ailen Del Bono, Especialista en Litio y Sistemas Salinos | Geoqu\u00edmica e Hidrogeolog\u00eda Aplicada a la Exploraci\u00f3n de Recursos | Becaria Doctoral CONICET \u2013 UNC \u2013 CICTERRA<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Impacto de la temperatura en la ley del mineral<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La temperatura es un catalizador cr\u00edtico en la movilizaci\u00f3n del recurso. En este sentido, los experimentos comparativos entre temperatura ambiente y 80 \u00b0C<\/strong> revelaron variaciones significativas en la cantidad de litio que la roca es capaz de ceder al fluido circundante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al alcanzar los 80 \u00b0C<\/strong>, las ignimbritas y cenizas volc\u00e1nicas<\/strong> mostraron una liberaci\u00f3n de litio adicional de entre el 1,5 % y el 3 %<\/strong> en comparaci\u00f3n con los valores a temperatura ambiente. No obstante, la especialista advierte que la temperatura no es el \u00fanico control. Efectivamente, este efecto fue m\u00e1s evidente en muestras donde la neoformaci\u00f3n de arcillas interestratificadas tipo R1<\/strong> fue limitada, sugiriendo que parte del Li liberado<\/strong> puede quedar retenido en estas nuevas fases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eficiencia de fuentes: Ignimbritas versus cenizas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A pesar de que las cenizas tienen una menor tasa de liberaci\u00f3n absoluta, Del Bono<\/strong> subraya que su rol no debe descartarse. De hecho, las ignimbritas<\/strong> liberan entre 2,8 y 4,2 mg kg\u207b\u00b9<\/strong>, mientras que las cenizas<\/strong> oscilan entre 1,2 y 1,8 mg kg\u207b\u00b9<\/strong>. Sin embargo, los experimentos demuestran que las cenizas poseen un potencial geoqu\u00edmico similar<\/strong>, actuando como reservorios reactivos<\/a><\/strong> bajo condiciones favorables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Simulaci\u00f3n de lixiviaci\u00f3n. Investigadores recrean en laboratorio la interacci\u00f3n agua-roca para medir tasas de liberaci\u00f3n de litio. Imagen ilustrativa de ACERO Y ROCA<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Reservorios en arcillas: El stock invisible del yacimiento<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los hallazgos m\u00e1s disruptivos para la modelaci\u00f3n de yacimientos es la identificaci\u00f3n de una \u00abetapa transitoria\u00bb<\/strong> de retenci\u00f3n. No todo el litio liberado llega inmediatamente a la salmuera explotable. Por consiguiente, una parte queda atrapada temporalmente en minerales secundarios<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa proporci\u00f3n de Li<\/strong> que puede quedar retenida en fases secundarias no es fija\u00bb<\/em>, aclara Del Bono<\/strong>. Este fen\u00f3meno se define como una redistribuci\u00f3n temporal<\/strong>. Por lo tanto, lejos de ser una p\u00e9rdida, este litio retenido puede reincorporarse a la fase l\u00edquida si cambian las condiciones de pH, salinidad o temperatura<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"

Acci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica. Pruebas a 80 \u00b0C demuestran c\u00f3mo el calor potencia la disoluci\u00f3n de minerales y la ley del metal. Imagen ilustrativa de ACERO Y ROCA<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Origen magm\u00e1tico y el factor de la aridez<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Adicionalmente, el estudio aborda la se\u00f1al isot\u00f3pica (\u03b47Li)<\/strong>, cuyos valores sugieren que la concentraci\u00f3n del metal tiene un origen magm\u00e1tico e hidrotermal<\/strong> predominante. Esto significa que se resta peso a la meteorizaci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica actual bajo el clima \u00e1rido de la Puna. La evidencia se encuentra en las aguas termales de Rosario de Coyahuayma<\/strong>, que presentan concentraciones de litio hasta 10 veces superiores<\/strong> a las de r\u00edos superficiales como el R\u00edo Aguas Calientes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La se\u00f1al isot\u00f3pica confirma que el origen del litio en la Puna es magm\u00e1tico e hidrotermal. Imagen ilustrativa de ACERO Y ROCA<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Actualizaci\u00f3n de los modelos de recursos y reservas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La conclusi\u00f3n de la investigaci\u00f3n tiene un impacto directo en c\u00f3mo las empresas mineras gestionan sus activos. En conclusi\u00f3n, la existencia de estos reservorios en fases s\u00f3lidas<\/strong> obliga a una revisi\u00f3n de los conceptos tradicionales de transferencia de masa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reconocer estos mecanismos no reduce el estimado de recursos. Al contrario, permite una comprensi\u00f3n m\u00e1s realista de los tiempos de transferencia<\/strong> hacia la salmuera explotable, un dato t\u00e9cnico clave para el dise\u00f1o de estrategias de manejo sustentable<\/strong> en la cuenca de Olaroz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una investigaci\u00f3n del CONICET identifica reservorios \u00abinvisibles\u00bb de litio en arcillas y el impacto clave de la temperatura en su liberaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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