{"id":11187,"date":"2025-11-03T00:00:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T03:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aceroyroca.com\/?p=11187"},"modified":"2025-11-03T00:00:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T03:00:37","slug":"litio-arkansas-eeuu-smackover","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idealistic-platinum-hummingbird.187-127-10-185.cpanel.site\/index.php\/2025\/11\/03\/litio-arkansas-eeuu-smackover\/","title":{"rendered":"La gran apuesta de Arkansas: \u00bfEl nuevo epicentro del litio en Estados Unidos?"},"content":{"rendered":"

En medio de una carrera global por los minerales cr\u00edticos,<\/span> el estado de Arkansas est\u00e1 levantando la mano para posicionarse como el centro neur\u00e1lgico de la producci\u00f3n de litio en Estados Unidos.<\/span> Sin embargo,<\/span> para lograrlo,<\/span> debe enfrentar una dura competencia china,<\/span> un mercado de precios a la baja y,<\/span> sobre todo,<\/span> un desaf\u00edo tecnol\u00f3gico monumental.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Por Redacci\u00f3n ACERO Y ROCA<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Bandera
Estados Unidos esperanzado en Arkansas para producir litio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Un tesoro subterr\u00e1neo: La formaci\u00f3n Smackover<\/h2>\n

La confianza de Arkansas se asienta sobre una ventaja geol\u00f3gica clave: la Formaci\u00f3n Smackover<\/b>, un reservorio subterr\u00e1neo que se extiende desde Florida hasta Texas.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el Servicio Geol\u00f3gico de Estados Unidos (USGS), esta formaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 llena de salmueras que contienen una cantidad masiva de litio, estimada entre 5,1 y 19 millones de toneladas m\u00e9tricas<\/b>. Para ponerlo en perspectiva, este volumen representa entre el 35% y el 136% de todo el litio estimado en Estados Unidos.<\/strong><\/p>\n

De hecho, este potencial es visto como una cuesti\u00f3n de seguridad nacional. \u00abHay potencial para aumentar la producci\u00f3n en Estados Unidos y reemplazar las importaciones\u00bb<\/em>, afirm\u00f3 David Applegate, director del USGS. Actualmente, el pa\u00eds produce menos del 2% del suministro global y, seg\u00fan S&P Global, sigue dependiendo fuertemente de las importaciones desde Chile y Argentina.<\/p>\n

\"Mapa
La Formaci\u00f3n Smackover es un reservorio subterr\u00e1neo de salmueras ricas en litio que se extiende desde Florida hasta Texas. <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Gigantes energ\u00e9ticos ya pisan fuerte en Arkansas<\/h2>\n

Este potencial no ha pasado desapercibido. Gigantes energ\u00e9ticos como Exxon Mobil, Standard Lithium y Chevron<\/b> ya est\u00e1n en plena carrera para desarrollar proyectos en la zona.<\/p>\n

\u00abLo que todos intentamos hacer es que Arkansas sea lo m\u00e1s competitivo posible<\/em>\u00ab, se\u00f1al\u00f3 Patrick Howarth, quien dirige el negocio de litio de Exxon Mobil<\/strong>, durante la Cumbre de Innovaci\u00f3n de Litio en Little Rock.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, Andy Robinson, presidente de Standard Lithium<\/strong> (que est\u00e1 desarrollando un proyecto con Equinor), destac\u00f3 el esfuerzo por validar la oportunidad: \u00abDedicamos mucho tiempo a convencer a personas fuera de Arkansas de que esta oportunidad es real, de que puede ser de bajo costo y convertirse en un suministro cre\u00edble para Am\u00e9rica del Norte\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Las \u00abcartas\u00bb de Arkansas para competir<\/h3>\n

Para seducir a estas inversiones multimillonarias, Arkansas apuesta por sus ventajas competitivas:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Una mano de obra con amplia experiencia industrial.<\/li>\n
  • Tarifas el\u00e9ctricas que se ubican entre las m\u00e1s bajas de Estados Unidos.<\/li>\n
  • Un marco regulatorio que se considera \u00abpermisivo\u00bb para acelerar los proyectos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    No obstante, la \u00fanica mina de litio actualmente operativa en el pa\u00eds sigue estando en Nevada, operada por Albemale.<\/p>\n

    Los tres grandes desaf\u00edos en el horizonte<\/h2>\n

    A pesar del optimismo, funcionarios y ejecutivos reconocen que los retos son inmensos.<\/p>\n

    El desaf\u00edo tecnol\u00f3gico: La prueba de fuego del DLE<\/h3>\n

    El primer gran obst\u00e1culo es t\u00e9cnico. Todo ese litio ser\u00eda suficiente para millones de bater\u00edas de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, pero solo si el metal puede filtrarse mediante Extracci\u00f3n Directa de Litio (DLE)<\/b>. El problema es que esta tecnolog\u00eda nunca antes se ha implementado a escala comercial<\/b> en el mundo.<\/p>\n

    \"
    Standard Lithium es una de las grandes compa\u00f1\u00edas, junto a Exxon y Chevron, que apuestan por la extracci\u00f3n de litio en Arkansas. <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Un mercado \u00abplanchado\u00bb por la competencia<\/h3>\n

    Adem\u00e1s, el contexto de precios no ayuda. El mercado debe lidiar con una ca\u00edda del precio del litio de m\u00e1s del 80% en los \u00faltimos 18 meses<\/b>. Seg\u00fan Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, este desplome fue impulsado, en gran parte, por un exceso de oferta proveniente de competidores chinos.
    \nLa cautela es tal que la propia Exxon ya ha retrasado al menos un a\u00f1o sus planes de producci\u00f3n, con un nuevo objetivo fijado para 2028.<\/p>\n

    El motor de la demanda: por qu\u00e9 la apuesta sigue en pie<\/h2>\n
    \"Operario
    La demanda del litio est\u00e1 impulsado casi en su totalidad por los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Entonces, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 la urgencia? La respuesta est\u00e1 en la demanda proyectada<\/strong>. Se estima que el consumo de litio alcanzar\u00e1 1,5 millones de toneladas para 2025 y<\/strong> superar\u00e1 los 3 millones de toneladas para 2030<\/b>.<\/p>\n

    Este crecimiento exponencial es impulsado casi en su totalidad por los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, que ya representaron el 87% del consumo de litio en 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Reconociendo esta necesidad, la administraci\u00f3n Biden ya hab\u00eda impulsado incentivos clave bajo la Ley de Reducci\u00f3n de la Inflaci\u00f3n (IRA)<\/strong> de 2022, que otorga cr\u00e9ditos fiscales a las empresas que extraigan y procesen materiales para bater\u00edas dentro de Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

    En resumen, Arkansas se juega una carta de alto riesgo: si logra validar la tecnolog\u00eda DLE a gran escala, podr\u00eda transformar su econom\u00eda y la cadena de suministro de todo un pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    En medio de una carrera global por los minerales cr\u00edticos, el estado de Arkansas est\u00e1 levantando la mano para posicionarse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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